reading
网络故事书的好处
1.可以教小书
2•经济实恕，家长不需要为孩子买书了 3•可£1代替父母酪伴孩子，为家长节省时间 lecture
反甌
1 •便用时不能相小用更互朋(ask question and get feedback ) 2•网络上的故事都是过时的，要想读新枚事U是要买书(不足) 3攻母与孩子一起旗书可以增进感情
M 文:The speaker rebuts the reading's argument by pointing out
the inadequacy of the web-storybook services' interaction with children, the incompleteness of the data pool, and by undermining the assumption that saving parents* reading time is a benefit.
The speaker begins by stating that merely pronouncing the words and story for the children will not provide adequate learning experiences. Despite the time saved and pronunciation utilities laid out in the reading, the web services can only respond with ''correct* or fnot correct11. The lack of feedback to children's questions will not create an effective learnin。process. Then the speaker goes on to ague that the current web-storybook services have a very limited collection of books, thus not beirw able to save parents the cost of new books as the reading states, because the parents still have to buy many books that the web services do not provide. Lastly, the speaker challenges the validity of the assumption of saving parents' time to read stories to children. The reading argues that saving the time is a benefit for the parents, but the speaker maintains that the whole point of reading stories is far beyond reading stories alone. In contrast, it is an essential way of communicating and building relationship between parents and children.
二：药品广告(drug advertisement)
提出命題：药品广告斯1!供的信息訓是客规全面的，且病人对药物了解得越多越好
1 •病人可以更多了解处方药的相关信息(information )
2•医生开药时,病人可以与广告上进行比较，有利于选药 3•通过广告，菊人可£1 了解到新药的发驛，提醍医生
挑故命題：病人不需要对药物了解太乡，因为有时候了解得太多会对非专业的病人rt®扰, 而目广告所提供的信息也不完整全面
1•广告通常只有宣传好处，对副作用(side effects ) 一笔帑过，病人很难判断 2.病人对药物的准陽用法用量不了解，可能会用蜡
3•广告只宣传新药，对IH药没有宣传，但是针对不同的病情，也肖IFI药更为合适 The speaker raises serious counterarguments against the reading paragraphs by providing drastically different evidences regarding
the effects of the advertisement, the impact of self-selecting medication, and the impact of trends in the pharmaceutical industry.
Firstly, knowing more information from the ads will not necessarily help the patients make better-informed decisions, as the reading agues. On the contrary, patients, without professional training and knowledge, will be more susceptible to misunderstanding information. Por example, they would focus only on the positive sides of a certain medicine while ignoring the serious side effects.
In addition, jf the patients bear the responsibility of prescribing their own medication, they assume more responsibility to their own health. This makes doctors less liable for potential risks and undesirable consequences.
Lastly, as for the new trends' benefits to the patients, the speaker does not challenge the reading directly. Instead, he argues that the new medicine, which will count for most of the ads may not necessarily be the best medicine, even though the patients can inform their doctors about the new products. 5：网络冋卷(web based survey ) reading
网络问卷相对传统冋卷的优势
1•调査范围更广，所以调査结杲就更为«« ( il：参则人多并不代表范围广，也不能 保证效果好) 2•发放,填写和收集冋卷更加方便简单 3•成本低 lecture
反驳网络冋卷的优势
1•所取得的调査给果不全面（biased）,因为不是所有人胡会上网，中老年人上网会比较少, 而年
轻人上网比较多
2•成本并不会0L因力一个好的网络冋卷需要一个因从的大量工作（提出新的ii［据：网络冋 卷
也需要成本和人力资淵）
3•大多数人对网络冋卷胡不严肃，会得到不正确的信息，容易混淆视听。
M 文: The speaker questions the effectiveness of web based surveys by providing evidences contradictory to the reading.
Firstly, he identified the reading's logical flaw in assuming that an increase in the scope and quantity of the survey will automatically translate to greater precision of the surveys. However if surveys aim to question people over 60 years old, how can these old people conduct surveys online since this group seldom surf the Internet? The web surveys are effective in reaching mainly the young generation. Thus the results cannot be extended to demonstrate the views of the whole population.
Secondly, although the web-based surveys will lower paper cost, they will inevitably incur new costs in v/eb designing, flashy features, and other elements, which will require more costly team work. This evidence effectively attacks the reading's argument that v/eb surveys will certainly reduce the cost of the survey・
In the end, many web designers tend to overdo in the webpage and add fancy and flashy features. As a result, many people perceive the web-based surveys as not serious and are thus not willing to respond to the surveys. Unlike physical surveys that draw attention effectively, many web based surveys are simply ignored or even deleted. 0 :打分
18 高（inflation of marks ）
reading
老师给学生打的分数越来越高
1•分数打得低会减低学生的学习意志
2 •会黔响教师自己的測评结果
3•因力别的老师给的成绩高，咖果不眼着给高分,学生岀去找工作会吃亏 lecture
解决方案
1.应从小灌输正确的学习观念，不应因一次小失利而丧失信心
2•教师的)¥測可以改在学期结東前逍行，迪样学生的应娠就不会影哨到评测结果 3•企业在选抜人才时可以看学生在册级中的择名而不是卑纯的应绩 M 文:The speaker challenges the reasoning that supports the current inflation in
college grading system, provides very specific alternatives to teacher evaluation timing and employer methodology in judging a student.
The speaker firstly argues that the inflated grades v/ill not enable students to truly know their weakness, not to mention improve upon them. According to the reading, low grades will discourage students. The speaker rebuts this point and argues that the true meaning of education is not just to satisfy students・ Letting the
students make progress is the purpose and inflated grades will not help students in this way.
As for the readings concerns that lov/ grades will adversely affect teachers1 evaluation, the speaker offers a solution. By finishing the teachers* evaluation before the end of the semester, v/e can sever the connections betv/een the students' grades and teachers* evaluations.
Lastly, the speaker argues that the school does not have to follow the trend of inflated grades invariably. The reading argues that if the school does not follow the trend, their students will be discriminated, the lecture says that this problem can be solved by providing a weighted relative score. This score will pinpoint a student's percentile in the v/hole student body and show the other students* scores, thus allowing employers to clearly position the student among the entire student body.
5:加亂自来水(adding fluoride in public v/ater) reading
在自来水中加氛的好处
1 •肮止庇牙 2 •杀死细菌
3•对骨 US 有好处(decrease bone diseases ) lecture
反驗
1•自来水并不会因在口中，对飯止业牙没有帮助
2•氟会与输水管(water pipe)中的化学期质反应，产生有毒物质，貝危害大于细菌 3•过量的氟会便骨骼变脆
M 文:The speaker refutes the reading's argument about the benefits of adding fluoride to pipe water by providing contradictory evidence about
pipe water's fluoride^ effectiveness in preventing cavities in teeth, killing bacteria, and decreasing bone diseases.
Firstly, the speaker points out that the short contact of fluoride with teeth will not enable the fluoride to prevent cavities, as the reading argues. Instead, the v/ater will pass the mouth and teeth quickly and go directly to the stomach.
Another argument raised in the lecture is that fluoride could undergo chemical reactions with heavy metals in the pipe, such as lead. This will create toxic substances which will pose serious health threat. In this way fluoride could be even more deadly than bacteria. Althouoh the fluoride, as the reading says, will kill some bacteria, the cure here is worse than the disease.
In the end, the speaker maintains that overdose of fluoride will backfire to human bones. Although the reading illustrates that fluoride will improve bone strength, the lecture says overdose will cause serious damage to human bones.
兀、伦勃朗的油酉
The lecture revises the idea presented in the text, that Rembrandt was not the artist who painted the famous painting Tortrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet\".
The inconsistency betv/een the white cap, which identifies the woman as a servant, and the expensive fur
collar she wears dissolves as the Professor explains that the fur collar was apparently painted over the original painting to increase its worth by displaying an aristocratic woman.
In addition, the assumption that light and shadow in the painting do not fit together is refuted by the fact that in the original painting, the woman wears a light cloth that illuminated her face. Thus the presentation of light and shadow v/as indeed very realistic and accurate, as it is characteristic of Rembrandt's paintings.
Finally, the mystery of the panel consisting of patches glued together is also solved in the lecture. Actually, the wood panel was later enlarged to make it more grand and valuable, but the original painting was painted on a single panel, as Rembrandt would have done it. Furthermore, the wood is of the same tree used in other Rembrandt paintings, like the \"Self-Portrait with a Hat\".
All the information point out that Rembrandt is the painter of the controversial painting.
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