疯狂专练八
并列句和三大从句单句填空+语法填空
技巧点拨
当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子)，且这两个句子之间没有关联词时，填关联词；若并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的连词(and/but/so/or)；从属句间常依据句子的属性是名词性从句、形容词性从句还是副词性从句来确定其关联词。具体解题技巧如下：
第一步：分析结构，若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连接词，空格必填连接词(此
处的连接词包括并列连词，如：and, but, or, while, so, for等；引导状语从句的从属连词；引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词和连词that, if, whether)。
第二步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或根据句式结构来确定是并列结构还是某种主从复合句。 第三步：若是主从复合句，要根据从句的特点，结合连词的意义和作用，确定填具体的某个连接词。
who (主语) whom (宾语) that(主语/宾语) which(主语/宾语) whose(所有格) 关系副词 连词 名词性 从句 连接代词 连接副词 因果关系 转折关系 假设关系 连词 让步关系 时间关系 结果关系 though, although when, while, as, before, after, until, since so that，such that when(时间) where(地点) why(原因) how(方式) that，if，whether that，which，who，whom，whose，as，what，whether when，why，where，how(＋ever) because, as, since, so though, but if, unless 常考考点
关系代词 定语从句 1
比较关系 【易混易错】
as…as，than 强调句型与主语从句、状语从句、定语从句的区别： 1.强调句型与主语从句的比较
强调句型将句子中的it is/was与that/who同时省去，句子仍然成立；而包含主语从句的句子用that从句代替it，句子成立。如：
☛It was Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday.你昨天在街上遇到的是李雷的哥哥。
(本句若将It was 及that同时省去为：You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday.句子同样成立，因此本句是强调句型。)
☛It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou X.我们成功地发射了神舟十号这件事情真令人兴奋。(本句若将It is 及that同时省去为：We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou X.显然句子错误，因此，本句不是强调句型，that引导主语从句，it是形式主语。) 2.强调句型与定语从句的比较
强调句型中的it没有实际意义，it is/was与that/who去掉后句子结构仍然完整。但定语从句中的it be和作主语的that去掉后句子结构不完整。 3.强调句型与状语从句的比较
强调句型中的it is/was与that/who同时省去，句子仍然成立；而包含状语从句的句子it是主语。如： ☛It was 8 o’clock when they went home.他们回家时是8点。 (句中代词it作主语，指代时间，when引导时间状语从句) ☛It was at 8 o’clock that they went home.他们是在8点回家的。 (本句是强调句型，at 8 o’clock是被强调部分)
小题狂练
1.【2019年·全国 II卷】Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I work not because I have to, ___7___ because I want to.” 【答案】but
【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是…而是 …”之意，故填but。
2.【2019·全国卷I】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___1___ they range all the way across the Arctic 【答案】that
2
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
3.【2019年浙江卷】 On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___3__gives off light in the dark. 【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
4. 【2018·全国卷III】I'm not sure _____1_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 【答案】which/who
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which或who表示“哪一个”。
5. Word came _______ the students would put off the outing until next week, when they wouldn’t be busy. 【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：消息传来，学生们要把郊游推迟到下周，那时他们不太忙。可知word这里是“消息”的意思，后面的内容是对消息的内容进行说明，用that引导同位语从句，that不做成分。 6. There were so many kinds of bikes in the shop that he really didn’t know _____ he could choose. 【答案】which
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：商店里有很多种自行车，他真的不知道该选哪一种。此处为宾语从句，从句中的choose缺少宾语，根据“so many kinds of bikes”可知此处表示“在具体范围之内的某一种”。 7. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old people ______ they swam in it. 【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一些关于这条河的照片使老人们回想起了过去他们在河里游泳的日子。此处days是先行词，指时间，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，故先行词用when。
8. There is no point in giving up something you enjoy ________ you get something back that’s even better. 【答案】unless
【解析】考查状语从句连词。句意：如果你不能得到更好的东西，那么放弃你喜欢的东西就是没有意义的。根据句意可知本句应该使用unless引导条件状语从句。
9. Zhang Ze took on a victory in the 2019 French Open, ___________we all regard as the highest-ranked Chinese male player. 【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：张泽在2019年法国网球公开赛上取得了胜利，我们都认为他是中国排名最高的男单选手。此处Zhang Ze是先行词，指人，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作宾语。用who引导非限制性定
3
语从句。
10. They’re not simply made in China, designed in the country. 【答案】but
【解析】考查并列句。本句为结构not...but...不是……而是……，故用but。
11. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading. 【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：简在绿树成荫的街道上漫无目的地走着，不知道她要去哪里。设空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。
12. This is ________ there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it. 【答案】why
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么有这样的一种说法，求忙人才能做成事。Be动词后面的句子是表语从句，表示原因，故填why。
13. The students benefitting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. 【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。______ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。 14. When traveling,we will enjoy ourselves and learn something from the exploration, attracts me very much. 【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在旅途中，我们将玩得很开心，而且会学到一些东西，这一点非常吸引我。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整句话，故填which。
直击考题
passage1
体裁 说明文 主题 加州的实验学校 字数 220字 建议用时 7分钟 Khan Lab School is bringing back the oneroom model to teach young students in Mountain View，California. The school is 1 laboratory for an experimental kind of learning. Silicon Valley, 2 (know) for its technology companies，is also the birthplace of the school.
Students aged 5 to 15 attend the experimental Khan Lab School, which 3 (have)no grade levels and no homework. The students are in school from 8：30 in the morning until six o’clock at night. And，the school is open all year long，with small 4 (break)here and there.
4
The school is the idea of Salman Khan，the founder of Khan Academy—famous for its educational videos. The videos on the Internet are free 5 have millions of users around the world.
Khan said he 6 (start) Khan Lab School because he thinks the present education system has problems. He hopes to create a 7 (good)learning model.
He said the oneroom model lets the older students help younger students, 8 means the younger children get a lot of help. They get the help of the teacher and the older students.
Khan said students also learn the study material 9 their own speed through videos. And，they get more attention through oneonone discussions with teachers. They also learn by 10 (do)projects. 【答案】 1．a
2．known 7．beter
3．has 8．which
4．breaks 9．at
5．and 10．doing
6．started 【解析】
1.考查冠词。句意：这所学校是实验性学习的实验室。laboratory是发音以辅音音素开头的可数名词，此处用不定冠词表泛指，故填a。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：以科技公司闻名的硅谷也是这所学校的发源地。be known for“因……而出名，以……闻名”，此处去掉be作后置定语，故填known。
3.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：5至15岁的学生就读于实验性可汗实验学校，该校没有年级和家庭作业。陈述的是客观事实，要用一般现在时；且which引导定语从句，指代先行词Khan Lab School，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，故填has。
4.考查名词复数。句意：这所学校全年开课，偶尔会有短暂的休息。break表示“休息”时，是可数名词，其前没有限定词，故应用复数形式，故填breaks。
5.考查连词。句意：网上的视频是免费的，全世界有数百万用户。根据句意可知空处前后为并列关系，故填and。
6.考查时态。句意：可汗说他创办可汗实验室学校是因为他认为现在的教育体制有问题。 “创办学校”表示发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填started。
7.考查形容词比较级。句意：他希望创建一个更好的学习模式。此处有一个隐晦的比较意义，表示“比现有的教育体制更好的”，应该用形容词比较级形式，故填better。
8.考查定语从句。句意：他说，单间模式让年纪大的学生帮助年纪小的学生，这意味着年纪小的孩子得到了很多帮助。此处为非限定性定语从句，空处指代前面整个主句内容并在从句中作主语，故填which。
9.考查介词。句意：学生还可以通过视频按自己的速度（节奏）学习学习材料。at. . . speed意为“以……的速度”，故填at。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意：他们也通过做项目来学习。介词by后接动名词作宾语，故填doing。
5
passage2
体裁 说明文 主题 交通方式 字数 184字 建议用时 8分钟 Amsterdam 1 (call) the “City of Bicycles” because of the convenience of riding bicycles there. In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans had 2 idea that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were. They were 3 (hope) that this would help to save energy, reduce 4 (pollute) and provide free public transport. The group painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in lots of neighbourhoods around Amsterdam for people to use.
5 (fortunate), it didn't work because 6 (thief) took all the bicycles within weeks! However, more than thirty years later, the “white bike” is back in town — this time with a computer chip to record its every move! 7 (take) a bicycle, you have to insert a special card. People who want to use the bikes 8 (park) at special parking places have to take them to another special parking place 9 has enough room. Thanks to the good ideas of lots of people, many people around the world have been enjoying city center streets 10 cars for many years.
【答案】1．is called
6．thieves
【解析】
1．考查时态语态。句意：阿姆斯特丹被称为“自行车城”。Amsterdam与call之间为被动关系，而且此处讲述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is called。
2．考查冠词。句意：一群自行车爱好者认为，如果市中心不允许汽车进入，而只允许自行车进入，这样对每个人都好。此处表示泛指，且idea的发音以元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an。
3．考查形容词。句意：他们希望这将有助于节约能源、减少污染和提供免费的公共交通。此处用形容词作表语，表示“抱有希望的”，故填hopeful。
4．考查名词。句意参考上题解析，空处作reduce的宾语，应用名词，故填pollution。
5．考查副词。句意：不幸的是，这没有奏效，因为小偷在几周内偷走了所有的自行车。此处作状语，应用副词，再根据空后的“it didn’t work”可知此处填Unfortunately。
6．thief是可数名词，考查名词复数。句意参考上题解析，且空前没有限定词修饰，所以应用其复数形式，故填thieves。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：要想骑自行车，得插入一张特殊的卡片。空处作目的状语，故用不定式To take。
2．an
3．hopeful 8．parked
4．pollution 5．Unfortunately 9．that
10．without
7．To take
6
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：想要使用停在特别停车位的自行车的人必须把它们带到另一个有足够空间的特殊停车位。分析句子结构可知，空处 作后置定语修饰bikes，且与bikes之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故填parked。
9．考查定语从句。句意参考上题解析，分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰another special parking place，且在从句中作主语，又因为先行词被another修饰，故用关系代词that。
10．without 表示“没有”，考查介词。句意：多年来，世界各地的很多人一直享受着没有汽车的市中心街道。故填without。
【点拨】如果定语从句中的指物的先行词被all, some, no, not，every, each修饰时，关系代词只能用that而不能用which。如，①I have some books that are very interesting. ②I have eaten all the food that is left.
passage3
体裁 记叙文 主题 善行 字数 204字 建议用时 8分钟 【2019·成都树德中学博瑞实验学校高二月考】
Jane felt sweet in the drive－through line at Heav’nly Donuts. Just the day before, a stranger ahead of her in line had 1 (generous) paid for her coffee. “The gesture made such a big difference in my day,” says Eileen. She had recently lost her job as a doctor's 2 (assist), and money was tight. But Eileen 3 (inspire) to pay the $12 bill of the family in the car behind hers. 4 she didn't know was that her kindness would set off a chain reaction. In two and a half hours, fifty－five drivers paid for the order of the person behind 5 (they)．The doughnut shop's employees 6 (see) this before. This Heav’nly Donuts, in fact, is known as a special place, the customers of 7 are considered as the “best in the world”．But, even so, the workers were 8 (amaze) that the shop had more than doubled its previous record by the end of the day.
Now 9 (work) as a chemist, Jane visits Heav’nly Donuts every Saturday morning, picking up a coffee and paying for the order of the customer behind her. “Actually, I wish I 10 (start) this deed much earlier.” She said. 【答案】 1．generously 6．had seen 【解析】
1．考查副词。句意：排在她前面的一个陌生人慷慨地为她买了咖啡。修饰动词paid用副词，故填generously。
2．assistant 7．which
3．was inspired 8．amazed
4．What
5．them 10．had started
9．working
7
2．考查名词。句意：她最近失去了医生助理的工作。作介词as的宾语用名词，故填assistant。 3．考查时态语态。句意：但是Eileen受到鼓舞为她后面的人付了12美元的家庭账单。事情发生在过去，Eileen 与inspire之间是被动关系，应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was inspired。
4．考查主语从句。句意：她不知道的是，她的善行引起了连锁反应。此处为主语从句，从句中的know缺少宾语，故填What。
5．考查代词。句意：在两个半小时内，55位司机为他们后面的人买单。作介词behind的宾语用宾格，故填them。
6．考查时态。句意：甜甜圈店的员工以前也见过这种情况。“see”这个动作发生在这件事之前，也就是过去的过去，应该用过去完成时，故填had seen。
7．考查非限定性定语从句。句意：这家甜甜圈店其实是一个很特别的地方，它的顾客被认为是世界上最好的。关系词指代先行词place，在非限定性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故填which。
8．考查形容词。句意：员工们惊讶地发现店里的营业额在当天结束时比之前的记录翻了一番还多。修饰人用ed结尾的形容词，表示“感到……的”，故填amazed。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：Jane现在是一位化学家，她每周六早晨都去那家甜甜圈店。Jane与work之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，故填working。
10．考查虚拟语气。句意：我要是早点开始做这件事就好了。wish后的宾语从句表示与过去事实相反的愿望时，从句用主语+had+过去分词，故填had started。 【点拨】
注意在wish后的宾语从句中表示不可能实现的愿望要用虚拟语气，其主要形式有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish+主语+动词过去式（be用were），如，I wish I had a pair of wings我希望有一对翅膀；对过去情况的虚拟：wish+主语+had+过去分词， 如，I wish you had called me yesterday要是你昨天给我打电话就好了；对将来情况的虚拟：wish+主语+would+动词原形，I wish someday I would live on the moon真希望将来有一天我能在月球居住。
passage4
体裁 记叙文 主题 人际交往 字数 245字 建议用时 8分钟 【江苏省五个一名校联盟2019届高三下学期第一次诊断考试英语试题】One day, I was comfortably waiting for my flight with a good book to read when _____1_____elderly lady was wheeled to our waiting area. I noticed the trouble she was having ____2_____ (try) to open a packet of nuts with her shaking hands. No one else was willing to meet her gaze (目光), so I _____3_____ (offer) to help. The lady was very grateful. We sat and chatted. The time came to board the plane. She could walk but needed some ____4_____ (assist), so I volunteered to help her and carry her bag.
8
As I helped her get _____5_____ (settle), I noticed her “seat mate”, a businessman, looked a bit horrified at having to make the flight with her. He offered to change _____6_____ (seat) with me — and I agreed. We had a long chat. As we were entering another country we needed to fill out forms. I offered to fill _____7_____ (her) out because of her shaking hands. We landed and I needed to change planes, but I helped her first. The wheelchair she ordered was nowhere to be seen so we slowly walked to the gate _____8_____her daughter was waiting.
As a result, I had to run to catch my connection but, as I thought about the experience, I saw her ____9_____my airport angel, a chance for me to hope that in the future when I’m in my eighties and traveling, someone will take the time _____10_____ (connect) with me.
【答案】1.an
6.seats
【解析】
1．考查冠词。句意：一天，我在读着一本好书等待我的航班，正在这时，一位老太太推着轮椅来到候机室。由于第一次提及老太太，故用不定冠词，elderly为元音音素开头，故用an。
2．she was having 考查非谓语动词。句意：我注意到她用她颤抖的双手打开一袋坚果有困难。分析句子可知，____2____ (try) to open a packet of nuts with her shaking hands为定语从句修饰先行词trouble，本句为短语have trouble (in) doing sth，in可以省略，故用现在分词trying。
3．考查一般过去时。句意：没人愿意帮忙，因此我主动帮忙。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，由于陈述过去的事情，故用一般过去时offered。
4．考查名词。句意：她能行走，但是需要一些帮助。分析句子可知，本句缺乏宾语，故用assist的名词形式assistance。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我帮她坐到自己的位置时，我注意到她旁边是一个商人，因为要与老太太一道坐飞机感到很恐怖。分析句子可知，本句为结构get sth done让某事被做，get her settled把她安置下来，settle与其逻辑主语her为动宾关系，故用过去分词settled。
6．考查名词。句意：他主动提出和我换位置，我同意了。根据文章可知，商人不愿意与老太太坐在一起，故交换位置，故用seats。
7．考查名词性物主代词。句意：由于她双手不便，因此我帮她填写了表格。根据前文可知，进入其他国家需要填表，故作者帮老太太完成她的表格，作fill的宾语且后面没有名词，故用名词性物主代词hers。
8．考查关系副词。句意：由于没看见她预订的轮椅，因此我们慢慢地走向机场出口，她女儿在那里等她。分析句子可知，her daughter was waiting作定语修饰先行词the gate，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
9．考查介词。句意：但是我回想这次经历，我把这位老太太视为我的机场天使。本句为短语see sb as 把
2.trying 3.offered 4.assistance 5.settled 7.hers
8.where 9.as
10.to connect
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某人视作，故用介词as。
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