祈使句结构
祈使句用以表达命令,要求,请求,劝告等。
1)祈使句有两种类型,一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。例如:
Take this seat. 坐这儿。
Do be careful. 务必小心。
否定结构:例如:
Don\\'t move. 不准动。
Don\\'t be late. 不要迟到。
2)第二种祈使句以let开头。
Let 的反意疑问句:
a. Let\\'s 包括说话者。例如:
Let\\'s have another try, shall we / shan\\'t we? = Shall we have another try? 我们再试一次,如何?
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
b. Let us 不包括说话者。例如:
Let us have another try,will you / won\\'t you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你让我们再试一次,好吗?
否定结构:例如:
Let\\'s not talk of that matter. 不要谈这件事。
Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要让我们谈这件事。
13.2 感叹句结构
感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:
掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。
How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如:How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子!
How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如:How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱!
What +名词+陈述语序。例如:What noise they are making! 他们真吵!
What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如:What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
孩子!
What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如:What wonderful ideas (we have)! 我们的主意真棒!
What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如:What cold weather it is! 多冷的天!
What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为:What a clever boy!
典型例题
1)___ food you\\'ve cooked!
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词,副词;what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词,因此A,B 排除。C的 How + adj. 后面不能再加名词,因此只有D正确,其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)。
2)___terrible weather we\\'ve been having these days!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
答案A. weather为不可数名词,B,D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A,符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
3) --- _____ I had!
--- You really suffered a lot.
A. What a time B. What time C. How a time D. how time
答案A. 感叹句分两类:
1:What + n.+主谓部分
2:How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种,但省略了bad,相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。
13.3 强调句结构
常用的强调句结构是it 引导的句子,结构为It is(was)+ 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其余部分。此结构强调的成分限于主语,宾语和状语。例如:
It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我们是从太阳那儿获取光和热。
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 知道读了你的信,我才知道实际情形。
典型例题
1)It was last night ___ I see the comet.
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
答案C. 强调句的结构是: It +be +强调部分 + that (who))+ 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个,that和who。当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用 \\\"who\\\",其余用that。再如:原句:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案C. 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 \\'It is…that\\',只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
13.4 用助动词进行强调
句子的强调句还可以用助动词do (did,does) 强调谓语。例如:
She does like this horse. 她的确喜欢这匹马。
Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重。
13.5 反意疑问句
1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren\\'t I。例如:
I\\'m as tall as your sister, aren\\'t I? 我跟你姐一样高,对吗?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。例如:
I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话,行吗?
3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。例如:Some plants never blown (开花), do they ? 有些植物从不开花,对吗?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn\\'t / oughtn\\'t +主语。例如:
He ought to know what to do, oughtn\\'t he? / shouldn\\'t he? 他应该知道该做什
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
么,对吗?
5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don\\'t +主语(didn\\'t +主语)。例如:
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don\\'t we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿,是吗?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn\\'t +主语或 usedn\\'t +主语。例如:
He used to take pictures there, didn\\'t he? / usedn\\'t he? 他以前常在那儿拍照,是吗?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn\\'t you? 例如:
You\\'d better read it by yourself, hadn\\'t you? 你最好自己去读,好吗?
8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn\\'t +主语。例如:
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn\\'t he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵,是吗?
9) 陈述部分有You\\'d like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn\\'t +主语。例如:
You\\'d like to go with me, wouldn\\'t you? 你想和我们一块去,对吗?
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如:
He must be a doctor, isn\\'t he? 他肯定是医生,是吗?
You must have studied English for three years, haven\\'t you? / didn\\'t you? 你一定读过三年英语,对吗?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn\\'t he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的,是吗?
11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。例如:
What colors, aren\\'t they? 多漂亮的颜色,是吗?
12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师,我也不是,对吗?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。例如:
Everything is ready, isn\\'t it? 一切就绪,是吗?
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如:
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn\\'t he?
史密斯先生曾几次去过北京,按理说他现在应该在中国,是吗?
b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如:
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn\\'t he? 他说他想去日本看看,他是那样说的吗?
c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称,谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如:
I don\\'t think he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明,是吗?
We believe she can do it better, can\\'t she? 我们相信她能做得更好,她能吗?
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。例如:
Everyone knows the answer, don\\'t they? (does he?) 人人都知道答案,是这样吧?
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 没人知道这件事,是吧?
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。例如:
We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍,是吗?
He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说,是吗?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。例如:
She doesn\\'t dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家,是吗?
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。例如:
Don\\'t do that again, will you? 别再这样做,好吗?
Go with me, will you / won\\'t you ? 跟我走吧,好吗?
注意:Let\\'s 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you? 例如:
Let\\'s go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去听音乐,好吗?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你让我们在阅览室等你,好吗?
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
18) 陈述部分是\\\"there be\\\"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。例如:
There is something wrong with your watch, isn\\'t there? 你的表有问题,对不对?
There will not be any trouble, will there? 不会有麻烦吧,是吗?
19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如:
It is impossible, isn\\'t it? 这不可能,是吗?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不会对他同学使坏,是吗?
20) must在表\\\"推测\\\"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。例如:
He must be there now, isn\\'t he? 他现在肯定在那儿,是吧?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won\\'t it? 明天肯定要下雨,是吗?
13.6 反意疑问句练习
1. You’d rather watch TV this evening, ______?
a. isn’t it b. hadn’t you c. wouldn’t you d. won’t you
2. I suppose you’re not going today, ______?
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
a. are you b. do you c. don’t you d. aren’t you
3. I wish to shake hands with you, ______?
a. shall b. may I c. do I d. will I
4. Three hours ought to be enough time, ______?
a. oughtn’t three hours b. didn’t they c. shouldn’t it d. shouldn’t three hours
5. They have to study a lot, ______?
a. don’t they b. haven’t they c. did they d. hadn’t they
6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, ______ ?
a. didn’t he b. did he c. did it d. didn’t it
7. I\\'m sure dirty, ______?
a. am I b. isn’t I c. aren’t I d. am not I
8. You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post. I don’t think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it, ______ you?
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
a. do b. did c. don’t d. didn’t
9. That’s the sort of the book you want, ______?
a. is it d. isn’t that c. is that d. isn’t it
10.All these dictionaries are a great help to you, ______?
a. are they b. aren’t they
c. are all these dictionaries d. aren’t all these dictionaries
11.The movie that we saw last week was quite interesting, ______?
a. wasn’t it b. was it c. didn’t we d. weren’t we
12.Tom has been writing letters all afternoon, but he should have finished them by now, ______?
a. hasn’t he b. has he c. shouldn’t he d. didn’t you
13.David told me that you would take a trip to America, ______?
a. would you b. wouldn’t you c. did you d. didn’t you
14.There appeared to be no better way, _______?
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
a. was there b. were there c. did there d. didn’t there
15.You has some trouble finding where I live, ______?
a. didn’t you b. hadn’t you c. do I d. don’t I
16.He has his hair cut every month, ______?
a. has he b. hasn’t he c. does he d. doesn’t he
17.Your friend needs to come earlier, ______?
a. does he b. doesn’t he c. need he d. needn’t he
18.The little boy dare not go to church, ______?
a. dare he b. daren’t he c. does he d. doesn’t he
19.Susan’d have worked abroad if she’d had the chance, ______?
a. has she b. hadn’t she c. would she d. wouldn’t she
20.Everyone’s having a good time, ______?
a. is he b. isn’t everyone c. does he d. aren’t they
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
21.Any one can join the club, ______?
a. can any one b. can’t any one c. can’t they d. can they
22.Tell me how to operate the electronic computer, ______?
a. will you b. shan’t you c. do you d. don’t you
23.Magaret scarcely comes to visit you on Christmas Day, ______?
a. doesn’t she b. does she c. do you d. don’t you
24.Let’s listen to the radio program that the teacher mentioned, ______?
a. do we b. don’t we c. shall we d. shan’t we
25.You think you’re funny, ______?
a. didn’t you b. are you c. don’t you d. do you
26.Janet used to take part in labor in that village, ______?
a. used she b. did she c. didn’t she d. should she
27.What beautiful weather, ______?
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
a. is it b. isn’t it c. won’t it d. doesn’t it
28.He ought to go to Kwangchow by plane, ______?
a. should he b. shouldn’t he c. would he d. wouldn’t he
29.We never dared to ask him a question, ______?
a. did we b. didn’t we c. dared we d. daren’t we
30.Nobody will believe how difficult his work has been ______?
a. will he b. won’t nobody c. will they d. won’t they
31.You must have made the mistake, ______?
a. mustn’t you b. haven’t you c. didn’t you d. hadn’t you
32.Learning how to repair computers takes a long time, ______?
a. isn’t it b. aren’t they c. doesn’t it d. don’t they
33.Jack has coffee with breakfast, ______?
a. hasn’t Jack b. hasn’t he c. doesn’t Jack d. doesn’t he
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
34.They must have stayed at hotel last night, ______?
a. mustn’t they b. haven’t they c. didn’t they d. hadn’t they
35.There isn’t anything wrong with the radio, ______?
a. is there b. is it c. does it d. does there
36.You must be hungry, ______?
a. must you b. mustn’t you c. are you d. aren’t you
37.Let’s do the exercises by ourselves, ______?
a. shall we b. shan’t we c. will you d. will we
38.Her daughter had the carpets and curtains cleaned, ______?
a. had she b. hadn’t she c. didn’t she d. didn’t her daughter
39.The teacher had a talk with you, ______?
a. has you b. hadn’t she c. did she d. didn’t she
40.Something’ll have to be done about the air pollution, ______?
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
a. won’t it b. will it c. has it d. does it
反意疑问句练习答案
1 C 19 D 37 A
2 A 20 D 38 C
3 B 21 C 39 D
4 C 22 A 40 A
5 A 23 B 41
6 A 24 C 42
7 C 25 D 43
8 B 26 C 44
9 D 27 B 45
10 B 28 B 46
11 A 29 A 47
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌
12 C 30 C 48
13 B 31 B 49
14 D 32 C 50
15 A 33 D 51
16 D 34 C 52
17 B 35 A 53
18 A 36 D 54
▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓
因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容